Study: Results from the POLO trial: Olaparib may delay cancer progression in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients with BRCA mutations.
Contents
At a glance | Questions for your doctor |
Findings | In-depth |
Clinical trials | Limitations |
Guidelines | Resources |
STUDY AT A GLANCE
This study is about:
whether prolongs disease-free survival for patients with pancreatic cancer who have mutations
Why is this study important?
People with pancreatic cancer have poor survival rates and do not respond well to current treatments. is a type of drug known as a PARP inhibitors that has received approval to treat advanced breast and ovarian cancers in people with mutations. This clinical trial looked at whether the olaparib can improve outcomes for men and women with pancreatic cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy.
Study findings:
- Participants taking had progression-free survival that was twice as long as those on (7.4 months among the group and 3.8 months among the group).
- At the trial’s interim evaluation point, there was no difference in the overall survival among the and groups.
- Cancer decreased in size during the trial in the 23% of the group participants and 12% of the group participants.
- Two patients from the group had a complete response at the time of publication.
- There was no difference in health-related quality of life between participants taking and those taking .
- Toxic side effects were more common among participants taking (40%) than among those taking (23%).
What does this mean for me?
If you or a relative have pancreatic cancer, you may want to consider testing, because testing positive for a mutation may change treatment options.
Note: This information has been updated. On December 27, 2019 the approved the olaparib (Lynparza) as a for patients with pancreatic cancer and a known or suspected mutation whose disease has not progressed after completing chemotherapy.
Posted 7/3/19
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References
Goaln T, Hammel P, Reni M, et al. “Maintenance for Germline BRCA-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer.” New England Journal of Medicine. June 2, 2019. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1903387
Commentary: https://www.practiceupdate.com/c/d408f655-53bf-4f04-abdb-1bc79b5edb25?elsca1=soc_share-this-email&elsca2=social&elsca3=email
Pihlak R, Valle JW, McNamara MG. "Germline mutations in pancreatic cancer and potential new therapeutic options." Oncotarget. 2017 Sep 22; 8(42): 73240–73257.
Disclosure
FORCE receives funding from industry sponsors, including companies that manufacture cancer drugs, tests and devices. All XRAYS articles are written independently of any sponsor and are reviewed by members of our Scientific Advisory Board prior to publication to assure scientific integrity.
This article is relevant for:
People diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who have a BRCA mutation
This article is also relevant for:
people with metastatic or advanced cancer
people with a genetic mutation linked to cancer risk
people with pancreatic cancer
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IN-DEPTH REVIEW OF RESEARCH
Study background:
Pancreatic cancer has already metastasized in over half of people who are diagnosed . pancreatic cancer does not respond well to current standard of care treatment, which is surgery followed by radiation or chemotherapy, often modified with FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin/5-FU/irinotecan/oxaliplatin). On average, standard chemotherapy care produces progression-free survival of 6 months. About 9% of patients survive 5 years after initial diagnosis. Given the poor response of pancreatic cancer, researchers have been exploring treatments that can improve outcomes.
In people with mutation who have breast or ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitors, in particular (also called Lynparza), can be an effective and maintenance treatments that prolong progression-free survival. The POLO trial (Pancreas Cancer Ongoing) was designed to test whether is useful in treating pancreatic cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy. Between 5 and 10% of patients with pancreatic cancer have an inherited gene mutation.
Researchers of this study wanted to know:
Whether as a maintenance treatment after platinum-based chemotherapy improved progression-free survival of pancreatic cancer patients who had an inherited mutation.
Populations looked at in this study:
Patients were eligible for this clinical trial if they had an inherited or mutation and had confirmed pancreatic cancer that did not progress during their initial platinum-based chemotherapy.
This study involved 3,315 confirmed pancreatic cancer patients from 119 medical sites in 12 countries who were screened for mutations.
Of the 3,315 patients, 247 (7.5%) had an inherited mutation. Patients whose disease progressed while on chemotherapy during the evaluation process were ineligible for the clinical trial.
About two-thirds of the 154 eligible male and female participants had a mutation in and one-third had a mutation in . Average age was 57 years.
Participants were randomly assigned to receive (90 of 92) or (61 of 62). One participant assigned to and one assigned to did not meet eligibility at the start of the trial (due to disease progression), and one assigned to withdrew prior to the start of the trial.
Study design:
This clinical trial was a , double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Participants were randomly assigned to take either or placebo; they were unaware during the trial which they received.
Participants receiving took 300 mg tablets twice a day. Those receiving had look-alike tablets but without . Treatment with both pills continued until the participant's cancer progressed, they had unacceptable toxic side effects or the participant died.
The primary end point of this trial was progression-free survival. Participants were evaluated for disease progression by or CT imaging every 8 weeks for 40 weeks and then every 12 weeks until disease progression was observed. The imaging data was evaluated by an independent reviewer who did not know whether participants were receiving or .
Secondary end points included health-related quality of life, overall survival and objective response rate. Participants filled out a questionnaire every 4 weeks to evaluate health-related quality of life.
This clinical trial was funded by AstraZeneca, a division of Merck, and others and run under oversight as POLO ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02184195).
Study findings:
The main finding of this clinical trial was that participants taking experienced prolonged progression-free survival that was twice as long as those on .
- Participants taking had 7.4 months on average before disease progression occurred.
- Participants taking had 3.8 months on average before disease progression occurred.
The data on overall survival was not fully complete at the time of this publication (46% of patients had died).
- At this interim evaluation point, there was no difference in the overall survival among the and groups (18.9 months survival with and 18.1 months survival with ).
The objective response rate (ORR)—whether the cancer decreased in size during the trial was evaluated by blinded, independent reviewers.
- 18 of 78 patients (23%) in the group had decreased tumor size.
- 6 of 52 patients in the group (12%) had decreased tumor size.
- Two patients from the group had a complete response. No cancer was observable in these two patients at the time of publication.
Quality of life evaluations were similar in both groups:
- There was no difference in health-related quality of life between participants taking and those taking .
Adverse events including toxic side effects were more common among participants taking than among those taking placebo:
- 40% of participants taking had severe adverse events.
- 23% of participants taking had severe adverse events.
Limitations:
This trial had several limitations.
Participants did not include anyone who had cancer that grew during their first platinum-based chemotherapy treatment or anyone who had extended chemotherapy. For this reason, the patients in this trial may not completely represent all of those that would be treated with this drug.
Participants were screened for mutations. Other mutations that may affect pancreatic cancer were not evaluated to determine whether might be useful as a treatment.
Initial results showed that overall survival was not improved among those taking compared to those taking . Patients in the group who had cancer that grew during the trial sometimes took other drugs. Changes in which therapy some participants received may affect their survival: 9 patients who were in the group (15%) took a after disease progression during the trial.
Conclusions:
This clinical trial shows that may improve progression-free survival for patients with pancreatic cancer that had not progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Posted 7/3/19
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) develops guidelines for experts on best practice within cancer care. Newer NCCN guideline recommendations for pancreatic cancer include that clinicians consider
- genetic testing for all patients with pancreatic cancer.
- tumor testing in patients with disease.
- combination chemotherapy with modified FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin/5-FU/irinotecan/oxaliplatin) for patients who are able to tolerate it.
For pancreatic cancer patients, modified FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy is recommended as a first treatment approach with surgery.
For patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, gemcitabine/cisplatin is recommended as a first treatment approach with surgery. Recent recommendtion updates suggest considering for mainenance therapy for some patients with mutations and no progression platinum-based chemotherapy.
NCCN suggests tumor testing for patients with pancreatic cancer for a known as (MSI). The immunoncology agent pembrolizumab (Keytruda) has been approved to treat patients with advanced cancer who test MSI high.
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend the following for people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer:
- Receive treatment from a team of healthcare professionals that includes a variety of experts in cancer care, genetics, mental health, nutrition and management of side effects. These experts are more likely to be found at large cancer centers that have a lot of experience in treating pancreatic cancer.
- Make sure you have had the following tests:
- Genetic testing for an . Genetic test results may help you and your doctor decide on the best treatment. Genetic test results may also help your relatives understand their risk for cancer.
- Imaging tests to learn the of your cancer. is needed to plan and monitor your treatment. These tests determine whether the tumor can be removed with surgery (it is resectable), if the cancer has spread to nearby organs or (locally advanced) or has spread to other parts of the body (metastasized).
- Tumor testing (for people with locally advanced or pancreatic cancer). Tumor testing results can also be used in making treatment decisions and, or determine if you are eligible for clinical trials.
- Keep a copy of all test results (online patient portals are a great way to access test results). This will come in handy during a second opinion, if necessary.
- Discuss with your healthcare team whether they recommend chemotherapy before and/or after your surgery.
Updated: 11/13/2023
- How do I get genetic testing for a mutations?
- Does carrying a mutation in or another gene change your treatment recommendations for me?
- Should I have testing?
- Which treatment is the best for me?
- Will my insurance pay for Lynparza to treat my pancreatic cancer?
- Is there a clinical trial that I can join?
The following are treatment studies enrolling people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer:
- NCT04548752: Adding Pembrolizumab to to Treat Pancreatic Cancer in People with an Inherited Mutation. This study is researching whether adding the drug pembrolizumab to the olaparib works better than alone for treating pancreatic cancer in people with an inherited or mutation.
- NCT05252390: NUV-868 Alone and in Combination With PARP Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced . This study will test how safe and effective the experimental drug NUV-868 is by itself and in combination with a in people with different types of advanced cancers.
- NCT04493060: Treating Pancreatic Cancer with an Inherited or Tumor BRCA1/2 or Mutation with and Dostarlimab. This study looks at how well the and the drug dostarlimab work together in treating patients with pancreatic cancer, who have an inherited or tumor mutation in , , , , or .
- NCT04150042: SHARON: A Clinical Trial for Cancer With an Inherited or Mutation Using Chemotherapy and Patients’ Own Stem Cells. This study looks at whether melphalan, BCNU, vitamin B12b, and vitamin C, followed by autologous (self) bone marrow stem cell infusion is safe and effective for treating patients with advanced pancreatic cancer or 4, breast cancer for people with a , or .
- NCT04666740: Pembrolizumab and for Pancreatic Cancer with or Exceptional Response to Platinum Chemotherapy. This is a study for people with pancreatic cancer with a tumor test result called HRD-positive, or whose disease has responded well to or second-line platinum therapy. The study will compare the combination of the pembrolizumab and the olaparib to alone.
- NCT04858334: or in Patients with Surgically Removed Pancreatic Cancer who have a , or Mutation (APOLLO). The purpose of EA2192 / APOLLO is to compare the usual approach (observation) to treatment for one year with , in patients with a , or mutation.
- NCT04550494: Treating Solid Tumors with an Inherited or Acquired Gene Mutation Using the Talazoparib. This study is looking whether the drug is safe and effective for treating people with advanced breast, gastric, ovarian, pancreatic, or other cancers with an or an acquired mutation in certain repair genes, such as , , , , and others.
The following are vaccine studies enrolling people with pancreatic cancer:
- NCT05111353: Neoantigen Vaccines in Pancreatic Cancer in the Window Prior to Surgery. This study will look at the safety of an neoantigen vaccines in pancreatic cancer patients following chemotherapy. Participants will be placed in one of two groups. Group 1 will receive the vaccine following chemotherapy and surgery. Group 2 will receive the vaccine after chemotherapy and before surgery.
Other clinical trials for people with pancreatic cancer can be found here.
Updated: 08/15/2023
The following studies are looking at treatment for people with advanced .
- NCT05252390: NUV-868 Alone and in Combination With PARP Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced .This study will test the safety and effectiveness of the experimental drug NUV-868 alone and combined with a in people with advanced . This study is open to people whose cancer stopped responding or progressed on PARP inhibitors.
- NCT02264678: Ascending Doses of Ceralasertib in Combination With Chemotherapy and/or Novel Anti Cancer Agents. This is a study of ceralasertib administered orally in combination with chemotherapy regimens and/or novel anticancer agents to patients with advanced cancer. The study is enrolling people with inherited mutations, including , , , , , and people with tumors that are HRD-positive.
- NCT04644068: Study of AZD5305 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (PETRA). This research is designed to learn whether treatment with a new , AZD5305, used alone or in combination with anti-cancer agents is safe, tolerable and has anti-cancer activity in patients with advanced . The study is open to people who have previously been treated with PARP inhibitors.
- NCT04267939: ATR Inhibitor Plus Study in Advanced and Ovarian Cancer. This study will look at how well people with advanced respond to treatment with the BAY1895344 in combination with the . This study is open to people with inherited mutations in , , and other genes. Contact the study coordinator for information about eligibility for people with mutations in other genes.
- NCT04657068: Treatment with ATR Inhibitor for Advanced or Solid Tumors. This study will look at how well a new oral known as an ATR inhibitor works on advanced or with mutations in genes that are linked to damage repair. This study is open to people who have an inherited or acquired or mutation or whose tumors are HRD-positive. This study is open to people whose cancer stopped responding or progressed on PARP inhibitors.
Updated: 02/01/2024
The following organizations offer peer support services for people with or at high risk for pancreatic cancer:
- FORCE peer support
- Our Message Boards allow people to connect with others who share their situation. Once registered, you can post on the Diagnosed With Cancer board to connect with other people who have been diagnosed.
- Peer Navigation Program will match you with a volunteer who shares your mutation and situation.
- Private Facebook Group
- Virtual and in-person support meetings
- Join a Zoom community group meeting.
- LGBTQIA
- Men
- American Sign Language
- People of Color
- PanCAN
- Let's Win PC
- The Healing NET Foundation is a nonprofit organization for people with neuroendocrine cancers.
- The Neuroendocrine Cancer Awareness Network (NCAN) is a non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness of neuroendocrine cancer and providing support for caregivers and people with NETs.
Updated: 08/23/2022
Who covered this study?
BioPharma Dive
https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/asco-19-lynparza-pancreatic-cancer-progression-astrazeneca/555982/ This article rates 5.0 out of 5 stars
MedPageToday
POLO Will Change Practice in Pancreatic Cancer This article rates 4.0 out of 5 stars
CNN
Pancreatic cancer therapy sheds light on the disease's ties to BRCA mutation This article rates 3.0 out of 5 stars
Bloomberg Weekly
AstraZeneca's Lynparza Slows Spread of Rare Pancreatic Cancer This article rates 2.0 out of 5 stars