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13 Things That Jewish People Should Know About Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

July 10, 2012

13 Things That Jewish People Should Know About Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Before I was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 33, cancer was not on my radar. Despite the fact that my paternal grandmother had died young of so-called “abdominal cancer,” none of my health care providers indicated that I might be at high risk for cancer. My health care team treated my diagnosis of young-onset breast cancer like a lightning bolt out of the sky. It wasn’t until after my initial treatment (a unilateral mastectomy) that I read a magazine article and learned of several significant red flags for an inherited BRCA mutation. After reading the article I became concerned that my cancer might be hereditary. The article talked about the link between young-onset breast cancer (like mine!) and ovarian cancer (which my grandmother likely had) and BRCA mutations. It also mentioned the relevance of a family’s health history on the paternal side (in my case the only cancer in my family was on my father's side). No doctor had ever expressed interest in the cancer on my father's side of the family. Perhaps the detail that was most surprising to me was the high prevalence of BRCA mutations in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. All of the factors mentioned in the article which raised the suspicion of a mutation applied to my situation. Had I known this information before my mastectomy, I would have pursued genetic counseling and testing and made different surgical decisions at the time of my diagnosis.

Even now, 16 years after my diagnosis, as I give presentations on hereditary cancer, I still frequently meet Jewish people who have no idea of the high prevalence of BRCA mutations in this community. Most Jewish people are aware of the dangers of Tay-Sachs disease, another genetic disorder which is also prevalent in Jewish populations. Yet there are still many people who are Jewish and have a family history of cancer who have never heard of BRCA mutations and are unaware of the availability of genetic counseling and testing. Learning about BRCA   almost a year after my initial diagnosis of breast cancer was eye-opening. I learned the importance of people doing their own researching and advocating when it comes to health care decisions.

In keeping with our “13 Things” theme during 2012, I present my list of what Jewish people should know about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, with the hope that this list will be spread far and wide beyond the FORCE community in order to save lives.

  1. BRCA mutations have been found in people of every ethnicity. But people of Eastern European Jewish ancestry have the highest known incidence of BRCA mutations, and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
  2. About 1 in 40 people of Jewish decent have a BRCA mutation, about 10-fold higher than other populations.
  3. Women with a BRCA mutation have up to an 85% lifetime risk for breast cancer and a 50% lifetime risk for ovarian cancer.
  4. About 40% of Jewish women with ovarian/fallopian tube cancer and 20% who have premenopausal breast cancer have a BRCA mutation.
  5. BRCA mutations are associated with increased risk for several types of cancer, including breast (both male and female), ovarian, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal, pancreatic, melanoma, and prostate .
  6. Each child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting a BRCA mutation.
  7. BRCA mutations can be passed down equally from fathers or mothers to sons or daughters.
  8. Beginning at age 40, men with BRCA mutations should discuss with their doctor the benefits, limitations and risks of prostate screening. Preliminary research suggests that prostate cancer in men with a BRCA mutation may be more aggressive than prostate cancer in men who do not have a BRCA mutation. Men with BRCA mutations are at risk for melanoma, male breast and pancreatic cancer as well.
  9. People who test positive for a BRCA mutation have options to lower their risk for cancer or detect it at an earlier, more treatable stage.
  10. The majority of BRCA mutations in Jewish people occur in one of three genetic sites. Genetic testing usually begins with a Multisite 3 panel that looks for these common mutations and is less expensive than full BRCA testing.
  11. In couples where both individuals have a BRCA2 mutation, it is possible for children to inherit a rare and deadly disease known as Fanconi Anemia, which is more common in people of Jewish descent. Couples concerned about this possibility should consult with a genetics expert.
  12. Genetic testing for BRCA is performed from a blood sample or cheek swab.  The test itself is simple, but it is not always straightforward. Consulting with a genetic counselor is the best way to assure the correct test is ordered, results are properly interpreted and an appropriate course of action is discussed.
  13. The majority of people who have a BRCA mutation or a family history of cancer are unaware of their increased risk for hereditary cancer.  Awareness is critical to saving lives.

Posted in: Genetic Testing
Tags: BRCA , Hereditary Cancer , Cancer Prevention , Genetic Counseling , Genetic Testing , BRCA1 , BRCA2 , Jewish

7 Comments

July 10, 2012

Ann Little says:
I understand that people of Jewish descent have a higher incidence of BRCA mutations and resulting cancers and of course, I support your efforts to get the word out. However, I am very concerned that there is a mis-perception that if you are not of Jewish descent, that you are not at risk. My paternal grandmother died of breast cancer at age 35 and my dad's cousin had breast cancer at 29. In spite of this, I was never worried. I was of Irish Catholic descent. Everything I had ever read about BRCA linked it to Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. Since the cancers were on my dad's side and hereditary cancers were (I believed, incorrectly) primarily in people of Jewish heritage, I did not think I was at risk. In my 50's, my sisters and I learned that we were very wrong in these assumptions. I am just concerned that the more we talk about the risk for Jewish people, the more that people who are not Jewish will think they are in the clear. Much of what you say in this blog relates to ALL people who carry these mutations. Let's keep getting THAT word out too.

Reply


July 10, 2012

facingourrisk says:
Hi Ann, Thanks for your feedback, we absolutely agree. Much of our awareness focuses on the risk factors for the general population. Of all our posts, blogs, publications, and articles, most are devoted to the larger group but there are specific concerns for people in the Jewish community that we address as well. As we mention-mutations have been found in people of every ethnicity.

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August 17, 2012

Sharlene Hesse-Biber says:
All thirteen of these points are extremely important! These are exactly the issues and statistics that we discus through our BRCA1-2 pilot study at Boston College. We are trying to better understand the experiences of those who live with genetic risk - a big part of that is examining the way people react to and understand the kind of information in this article. Additionally, we hope these findings will inform the genetic counseling process. If you are or know someone who is: - A woman who has tested positive - A man with a high family history of cancer that places you and/or your children at risk - A man who has tested positive OR negative for the BRCA gene mutation PLEASE CONSIDER TAKING OR SHARING OUR SURVEY AT: https://tinyurl.com/bostoncollegeBRCAsurvey Great article - too much is too unknown to too many. More people need to hear about these facts!

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May 23, 2024

Karen Hazlegrove says:
I am not an expert but am 25% Ashkenazi jew and passed the gene to my daughter. She was 32 at diagnoses. She is now healthy at 39. I had an abnormal mammogram yesterday and will go back for further testing soon. Hope this helps!

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December 28, 2023

Chana Bela says:
This is so important and very often not addressed in practice directly, but thru vague gene testing articles on provider sites. The testing links for risk right now in the states don't offer the information unless you assume the ' further reading' could be where the part of the talk can include genetics. Makes ya feel lije they wish the Information wasnt there to help advocate for yourself. The screening isnt available for another - lets see- the first time I inquired about it- 8 years. Now 5 years later, still they wont do a screening because Im not 40 yet. My friend is Ashkenazi and her grandmother and aunt and great grandmother all died of breast cancer and "abdominal" cancer and ovarian cancer, and shes got a fibroid taking over her life, and they are sure its ok to morcellate, and shes routinely ignored in her requests for imaging beyond the ultrasound to be sure its not cancerous- they say that cant be seen before surgery. Now I have a fibroid too, my gma died of ivarian cancer, my mom is 100% AJ and Im getting the same feedback- then reading studies that say mri w contrast is the absolute way to go. I have much better insurance than my friend, but my gyno is clearly not interested in safeguarding my procedural options. Im very reluctant at every route, and nobody is reassuring me they are invested in my well being at all. They say genetics testing is a new field and very little is kniwn about it. I feel discarded.

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May 15, 2024

Shelma says:
Hi, I am so sorry to hear that. I am not sure where are you located and what kind of insurance you have. But it is incredulous that they have denied you from some basic genetic testing. Your PCP, primary care physician should make a referral as preventive medicine. Look for an advocate in hospitals, social workers, psychologist, etcetera. Anything that guide you to get your self tested for BRCA 1 & 2. There are hospital that do research, look into that option as well. Be proactive, don't accept a no for an answer. It is your life and your future. You can even appeal a denial for the testing. I apologized if you find this very pushy, but there is nothing more important that your self and physical and emotional integrity. Check with different hospitals in Boston if that is something that you could do. Write letter to labs, everything is possible, they are constantly looking for people to participate in this studies. I have done it my self and nothing would stop me. Even pharmaceutical companies do that kind of studies for free. You don't need insurance or previous approval. Wishing this e-mail empowers you to get what is your right. Best Wishes Respectfully Shelma

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May 3, 2023

Michelle Fendrich says:
Is there any information on cancer risk in women who are 50 to 25% Ashkenazi Jewish?

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